Harmfulness of yellow tin 

Yellow galvanisation usually involves the use of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), which is highly toxic and carcinogenic. This chemical element can cause serious health problems such as respiratory damage, skin irritation and also increase the risk of cancer. For this reason, hexavalent chromium is strictly regulated in many countries.

International standards and regulations

The European Union has introduced strict restrictions on the use of hexavalent chromium through the RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) Directive. This directive restricts the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products, including hexavalent chromium. Although RoHS does not apply directly to furniture, it reflects the general trend in the EU to limit the use of harmful substances.

Furthermore, in the US, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also classifies hexavalent chromium as a carcinogen and its use is strictly regulated, especially in industrial processes.

Alternatives

Instead of yellow galvanisation, silver galvanisation (with trivalent chromium Cr(III)), which is considered less harmful and more environmentally friendly, is increasingly used. It does not have such serious side effects and is not subject to such strict international regulations as yellow galvanisation.

Testing and certification

Products, such as furniture, that are exported to the EU or other regions with strict environmental requirements may fail certification or laboratory testing if they contain hexavalent chromium. For example, REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) compliance certificates may require manufacturers to abandon hexavalent chromium in favour of safer alternatives.

Where to find information

- RoHS Directive (European Union) - restrictions on hazardous substances.

- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, USA) - regulation of hexavalent chromium.

- REACH (EU) standards - registration and restrictions on the use of chemicals.

These regulations and standards define the basic framework for the safe use of chemicals, including in the furniture industry.